General information
Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with monkeypox virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae, first discovered in 1958, the first human case was reported in 1970 in Congo.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), during the recent outbreak of monkey disease, from the first case detected in the UK on May 13, 2022. According to statistics to May 25, 2022, the world has recorded more than 158 cases, 117 suspected cases in 19 countries and no deaths have been recorded. As of June 8, 2022 there have been more than a thousand confirmed cases in 29 countries. nation. None of the detected cases had a history of travel from endemic areas and the countries where the cases were reported had no prior monkeypox circulation.
The confirmed cases are West African monkeypox virus and have similar characteristics to the monkeypox virus transmitted from Nigeria to several countries in 2018, 2019. WHO forecasts smallpox epidemics. Monkeys will continue to increase the number of cases in the near future.
The disease can be spread from person to person through close contact, through wounds, bodily fluids, droplets, and through contact with contaminated objects and utensils. The disease is often severe in children, pregnant women or immunocompromised people. The incubation period is 5 to 21 days (usually 6 to 13 days). Monkeypox presents with symptoms similar to smallpox, but is more common with systemic skin lesions and enlarged lymph nodes.
Case definition
+ Suspected case: a person of any age, living in a country where monkeypox is not endemic, has an acute rash of unknown cause and has one or more of the following signs and symptoms since the date of: March 15, 2022: Headache, fever (> 38.5°C), lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes), muscle pain, back pain, weakness.
+ Possible case: is a suspected case and has one or more epidemiological factors:
Direct contact with infected people; Direct physical contact with skin or skin lesions, including sexual intercourse;
Contact with contaminated items such as clothing, bedding or utensils of a possible or confirmed case of monkeypox in the 21 days prior to the onset of symptoms; Have a history of travel to countries where monkeypox is endemic within the 21 days prior to symptom onset;
Having multiple sexual partners in the 21 days before the onset of symptoms;
Have a positive serological test for orthopoxvirus (in case of unvaccinated smallpox or exposure to other known strains of orthopoxvirus);
Have the above symptoms to the point of hospitalization. + Confirmed case: is a suspected or possible case and has a positive Realtime PCR test result for monkeypox virus.
+ Exclusion case: is suspected or possible case but Realtime PCR test result is negative for monkeypox virus.
Transmission route
The disease can be spread from person to person through wounds, bodily fluids, droplets and contact with contaminated objects such as blankets, bedding, or from animals to humans through contact with infected animals. sick. The disease is often severe in children, pregnant women or immunocompromised people.
The incubation period is 5 to 21 days (usually 6 to 13 days). –
Symptom
+ New rash (any of the following)
Inlaid
Papules
Blisters
Pustules
Spread or localize
Discrete or array Fever: Measured temperature 38°C Other signs and symptoms
Chills and/or sweating
New lymphadenopathy (periventricular, axillary, cervical, or inguinal)
Preventive measures
+ Avoid close contact with people with smallpox, avoid direct contact with wounds, body fluids, droplets and contaminated objects and utensils.
+ Wash your hands often with soap and common hand sanitizer, cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing.
+ People with symptoms of suspected cases should actively contact medical facilities for timely monitoring and advice.
+ People with symptoms of suspected cases should actively self-isolate and avoid sex; People who are confirmed to have the disease must be medically isolated until they are cured of the disease.
+People traveling to countries where monkeypox is endemic should avoid contact with sick mammals such as rodents, marsupials, primates (dead or alive) that may contain the virus. monkeypox, should not eat or come into contact with wild animals, eat undercooked meat, or eat infected animal products.
+ People who are confirmed to have monkeypox must be isolated and treated until the symptoms are gone (including the rash, the scabs have fallen off and healed).
+ People who come into contact with animals or people who are confirmed to have monkeypox should seek medical advice, perform health monitoring, take their temperature twice a day for 21 days after the last contact. with the source of infection.
Symptoms to watch for are:
Fever 38oC
Chills Swollen lymph nodes (periventricular, axillary, cervical or inguinal)
Skin rash
+ If you have one of the above symptoms, you must isolate yourself immediately and report to the local health department for further instructions.
People who have been exposed but have not yet detected symptoms can lead normal activities, but are not allowed to donate blood, cells, tissues, breast milk, semen or organs during this time.